Fiche Haskell 13

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# Haskell 13
### Exercice 1
1. Le pattern matching est un moyen d'extraire des variables d'une variable *composite* comme une liste, un tuple par exemple. Cela permet aussi de vérifier qu'une variable a bien une forme donnée, ou de faire une disjonction de cas.
2. Cela permet d'écrire des fonctions très proches de la notation mathématiques et très simple à écrire et surtout à comprendre ca très visuelles.
3.
```
greaterTwo :: [Char] -> Bool
greaterTwo "one" = False
greaterTwo "two" = False
greaterTwo _ = True
```
4. Les motifs sont lus dans l'ordre dans lequel ils ont été écrits. C'est à dire que les premiers motifs prévalent.
5.
```
divide :: Fractional a => Eq a => a -> a -> a
divide _ 0 = -9999
divide p q = p/q
```
### Exercice 2
```
myand :: Bool -> Bool -> Bool
myand False False = False
myand True False = True
myand False True = True
myand True True = False
myand2 :: Bool -> Bool -> Bool
myand2 False b = b
myand2 True b = not b
```
### Exercice 3
```
compVectOld :: (Double,Double) -> (Double,Double) -> Double
compVectOld u v = ((fst u) + (fst v)) * ((snd u) + (snd v))
compVect :: Real a => (a,a) -> (a,a) -> a
compVect (x,y) (w,z) = (x+y)*(w+z)
```
L'intéret du *pattern matching* est de rendre la lecture et la compréhension du code beaucoup plus simple.
### Exercice 4
Voir fstfunc.hs
### Exercice 5
Voir fstfunc.hs
### Exercice 6
1. OK
2. Pour ajouter un élément en tête de liste, il suffit d'utiliser l'opérateur *cons* dénoté par `:`.
3. Le premier pattern correspond uniquement à la liste vide. Le second correspond à toute liste avec pour dernier constructeur *cons*. Ce qui veut dire qu'il correspond à toute liste non vide (il n'y a que deux constructeurs). La variable de tête est assignée au nom `x` et le reste est ignoré.
4. Correspondent toutes les listes non vides.
### Exercice 7
1.
```
twoEq :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> Bool
twoEq (x:_) (y:_) = (x==y)
twoEq [] [] = True
twoEq _ _ = False
```
2. Les éléments doivent être de la classe `Eq` afin de pouvoir être comparés.
### Exercice 8
1.
```
myLength :: PrintfType r => [a] -> r
myLength [] = printf "The list has no elements\n"
myLength [x] = printf "The list has one element\n"
myLength [x,y] = printf "The list has two elements\n"
myLength _ = printf "The list has more than two elements\n"
```
2. Les objets doivent étendrent la classe `Show` pour être affichés.
3.
```
myLengthShow :: PrintfType r => Show a => [a] -> r
myLengthShow [] = printf "The list has no elements\n"
myLengthShow [x] = printf "The list has one element: %s\n" (show x)
myLengthShow [x,y] = printf "The list has two elements: %s and %s\n" (show x) (show y)
myLengthShow _ = printf "The list has more than two elements\n"
```

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{-# LANGUAGE ParallelListComp #-} {-# LANGUAGE ParallelListComp #-}
import Text.Printf
addTwo :: Num a => a -> a addTwo :: Num a => a -> a
addTwo x = x + 2 addTwo x = x + 2
@ -17,3 +19,64 @@ addList xs ys = [x+y | x <- xs, y <- ys]
length2 :: [a] -> Int length2 :: [a] -> Int
length2 xs = last [n | _ <- xs | n <- [2,4..]] length2 xs = last [n | _ <- xs | n <- [2,4..]]
greaterTwo :: [Char] -> Bool
greaterTwo "one" = False
greaterTwo "two" = False
greaterTwo _ = True
divide :: Fractional a => Eq a => a -> a -> a
divide _ 0 = -9999
divide p q = p/q
myand :: Bool -> Bool -> Bool
myand False False = False
myand True False = True
myand False True = True
myand True True = False
myand2 :: Bool -> Bool -> Bool
myand2 False b = b
myand2 True b = not b
compVectOld :: (Double,Double) -> (Double,Double) -> Double
compVectOld u v = ((fst u) + (fst v)) * ((snd u) + (snd v))
compVect :: Real a => (a,a) -> (a,a) -> a
compVect (x,y) (w,z) = (x+y)*(w+z)
myFst :: (a,a,a) -> a
myFst (x,y,z) = x
mySnd :: (a,a,a) -> a
mySnd (x,y,z) = y
myThd :: (a,a,a) -> a
myThd (x,y,z) = z
listPat :: Num a => [(a,a,a)] -> [a]
listPat [] = []
listPat ((x,y,z):s) = (x+y*z):(listPat s)
myHead :: [a] -> a
myHead [] = error "The list is empty !"
myHead (x:_) = x
twoEq :: Eq a => [a] -> [a] -> Bool
twoEq (x:_) (y:_) = (x==y)
twoEq [] [] = True
twoEq _ _ = False
myLength :: PrintfType r => [a] -> r
myLength [] = printf "The list has no elements\n"
myLength [x] = printf "The list has one element\n"
myLength [x,y] = printf "The list has two elements\n"
myLength _ = printf "The list has more than two elements\n"
myLengthShow :: PrintfType r => Show a => [a] -> r
myLengthShow [] = printf "The list has no elements\n"
myLengthShow [x] = printf "The list has one element: %s\n" (show x)
myLengthShow [x,y] = printf "The list has two elements: %s and %s\n" (show x) (show y)
myLengthShow _ = printf "The list has more than two elements\n"